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J Am Chem Soc. Deletion of two C-terminal Gln residues of residue fragment of melittin improves its antimicrobial activity. Activation of bee venom phospholipase A 2 through a peptide-enzyme complex. Emergency Medicine Secrets. Reviewed by: Jacob L. Editorial team. Poisonous Ingredient Bee, wasp, hornet, and yellow jacket stings contain a substance called venom.
You are also at risk for stings if you disturb a wasp, hornet, or yellow jacket nest. Where Found Bee, wasp, hornet, and yellow jacket venom can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Symptoms Below are symptoms of a bee, wasp, hornet, or yellow jacket sting in different parts of the body. Home Care If you have an allergy to stings from a bee, wasp, yellow jacket, or similar insect you should always carry an insect sting kit and know how to use it.
To treat the sting: Try to remove the stinger from the skin if it is still present. To do this, carefully scrape the back of a knife or other thin, blunt, straight-edged object like a credit card across the stinger if the person can keep still and it is safe to do so.
Or, you can pull out the stinger with tweezers or your fingers. If you do this, do not pinch the venom sac at the end of the stinger.
If this sac is broken, more venom will be released. Clean the area thoroughly with soap and water. Place ice wrapped in a clean cloth on the site of the sting for 10 minutes and then off for 10 minutes. Repeat this process. If the person has problems with blood circulation, decrease the time that the ice is on the area to prevent possible skin damage. Keep the affected area still, if possible, to prevent the venom from spreading.
Loosen clothing and remove rings and other tight jewelry. Some people develop acute allergic reactions to bee stings. An allergic reaction becomes evident in less than an hour and consists of extreme difficulty in breathing, heart irregularity, shock, splotched skin, and speech difficulty. A person showing signs of an allergic reaction should see a medical doctor immediately. Unlike many other insect venoms, bee venom is water soluble, not fat soluble, and so must be injected into moist tissue to be effective.
It is haemorrhagic, unlike snake venom, which is a coagulant. Bee venom is a clear liquid, which forms greyish white crystals when exposed to air. Bee venom is a mixture of histamine , pheromones discussed on the pheromone page , enzymes, peptides, amino acids and other acids, with 63 components in total. Forget digging around in your wallet for a credit card to scrape it. Your hive tool is the perfect scraper, by the way. Once a bee stings, your body chemistry begins to change to combat the toxins.
Because your immune system considers the unknown proteins of bee venom to be invaders, it makes antibodies. The job of these antibodies is to strengthen the immune system against future attack. Unfortunately, some people develop an overly-sensitive immune response. Two out of every people are at risk of anaphylaxis from bee stings. This inability to breathe can occur within seconds or minutes.
Beekeepers who are prone to other allergies have a much greater risk of developing these severe allergic reactions to venom. Most adults without known allergies can tolerate about 10 stings per pound of body weight. When a sting occurs, cell tissue is damaged. In the case of multiple stings, however, there may be too much damaged cell tissue for the kidneys to process. This can cause the kidneys to clog and fail days after an extreme stinging event. Reactions to bee venom are classified as systemic or localized.
Systemtic reactions require immediate medical attention. Swelling in these reactions may occur in areas other than the sting site. Shortness of breath, dizziness and a drop in blood pressure can signal anaphylactic shock, which can result in death if not treated. The usual treatment for these allergic emergencies is epinephrine. This form of adrenaline slows the blood pressure drop by forcing the blood vessels to constrict.
It improves breathing by relaxing the airways and also helps to reduce swelling and itching. Doctors also advise wearing a medical alert bracelet. Most localized reactions to bee venom except stings to the eye can be treated at home. Swelling is normal in a bee sting and ice helps because it constricts the blood flow to the sting site by narrowing the blood vessels.
Less blood flow means less swelling. A few topical ointments, such as calamine lotion, can also offer relief.
Calamine lotion helps because its crystals are large and cause moisture on the surface of the skin to evaporate quickly. Much like an evaporative cooler, this rapid absorption of moisture helps the skin feel cooler. The histamines in bee venom that cause itching, swelling and pain can be blocked by certain medicines.
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