Data Source. Years Included. These data do not include antibiotic prescriptions dispensed from federal facilities. The tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body urethra contains no bacteria Stopping treatment too soon can result in a return of the infection.
A doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can explain how the prescribed antibiotic should be taken and what side effects it may have. Some antibiotics must be taken on an empty stomach. Others should be taken with food. Metronidazole Metronidazole and Tinidazole Metronidazole is an antibiotic used to treat pelvic, abdominal, soft-tissue, gum, and tooth infections and abscesses in the lungs or brain.
Also, some antibiotics can interact with other drugs that people may be taking, possibly reducing the effectiveness or increasing the side effects of the antibiotic or the other drugs.
Some antibiotics make the skin sensitive to sunlight Chemical photosensitivity Photosensitivity, sometimes referred to as a sun allergy, is an immune system reaction that is triggered by sunlight. Sunlight can trigger immune system reactions. People develop itchy eruptions Antibiotics are sometimes used to prevent infections called prophylaxis. For example, prophylactic antibiotics may be given to. Some people with abnormal or artificial heart valves before dental and surgical procedures to prevent bacteria from infecting the damaged or artificial valves such procedures can allow bacteria to enter the body.
People undergoing surgery that has a high risk of introducing an infection such as major orthopedic or intestinal surgery. To avoid the development of antibiotic resistance Antibiotic resistance Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. Such a breakdown can lead to infections, which can even be caused by microorganisms that normally They may need to take the antibiotics for a long time.
Generally, antibiotics are used during pregnancy only when the benefits of treatment outweigh the risks. Some antibiotics are safer than others. Tetracyclines include the following: Doxycycline Eravacycline Minocycline read more are not used during pregnancy.
Most antibiotics pass into breast milk in large enough amounts to affect a breastfed baby and sometimes cannot be used in women who are breastfeeding. Sometimes a decision to stop breastfeeding or to not use the drug must be made. If an infection develops during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, women should talk to their doctor about the benefits and risks of treatment. See also Drug Use During Breastfeeding Drug Use During Breastfeeding When mothers who are breastfeeding have to take a drug, they wonder whether they should stop breastfeeding.
The answer depends on the following: How much of the drug passes into the milk Whether Usually, antibiotics are given by mouth, and the length of treatment does not cause hardship.
However, some infections—such as many of those involving bone osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is a bone infection usually caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi. Bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi can infect bones by spreading through the bloodstream or, more often, by Infective endocarditis occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and travel If people have no other conditions that need treatment in the hospital and are feeling relatively well, intravenous IV antibiotics may be given at home.
When antibiotics have to be given a long time, the short IV catheters that are inserted into a small vein in the arm or hand such as those used in most routine hospital procedures may not be desirable.
These catheters last only up to 3 days. Instead, a special type of IV catheter is used. It may be inserted either. Into a small vein in the arm and threaded into a large central vein called a peripherally inserted central catheter, or a PICC.
Some devices for giving antibiotics IV are simple enough that people and their family members can learn to operate them on their own. In other cases, a visiting nurse must come to the home to give each dose. In either situation, people are carefully supervised to make sure the antibiotic is being given correctly and to watch for possible complications and side effects. If antibiotics are given at home through an IV catheter, the risk of developing an infection at the site where the catheter is inserted and in the bloodstream is increased.
The following may indicate a catheter-related infection:. Diarrhea Gastroenteritis as a Side Effect of Drugs Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small and large intestines. It is usually caused by infection with a microorganism but can also be caused by ingestion of chemical In women, vaginal yeast infections Vaginal Yeast Infection Candidiasis The vagina is infected by a yeast called Candida, usually Candida albicans, resulting in a yeast infection called candidiasis.
Being pregnant or having diabetes or a weakened immune system increases Some side effects are more severe and, depending on the antibiotic, may impair the function of the kidneys, liver, bone marrow, or other organs.
Blood tests are sometimes done to determine whether these organs have been affected. Colitis, an inflammation of the large intestine colon , develops in some people who take antibiotics, especially cephalosporins, clindamycin , fluoroquinolones, or penicillins. There are hundreds of different types of antibiotics, but most of them can be classified into 6 groups. Other antibiotics include chloramphenicol used for eye and ear infections , fusidic acid used for skin and eye infections , and nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim used for urinary tract infections.
Page last reviewed: 23 May Next review due: 23 May Antibiotics are no longer routinely used to treat: chest infections ear infections in children sore throats When it comes to antibiotics, take your doctor's advice on whether you need them or not.
When antibiotics are needed Antibiotics may be used to treat bacterial infections that: are unlikely to clear up without antibiotics could infect others could take too long to clear without treatment carry a risk of more serious complications People at a high risk of infection may also be given antibiotics as a precaution, known as antibiotic prophylaxis.
How to take antibiotics? Antibiotics can come as: tablets, capsules or a liquid that you drink — these can be used to treat most types of mild to moderate infections in the body creams, lotions, sprays and drops — these are often used to treat skin infections and eye or ear infections injections — these can be given as an injection or through a drip directly into the blood or muscle, and are used for more serious infections Missing a dose of antibiotics If you forget to take a dose of your antibiotics, take that dose as soon as you remember and then continue to take your course of antibiotics as normal.
Accidentally taking an extra dose There's an increased risk of side effects if you take 2 doses closer together than recommended. Side effects of antibiotics As with any medicine, antibiotics can cause side effects. The common side effects include: being sick feeling sick bloating and indigestion diarrhoea Some people may have an allergic reaction to antibiotics, especially penicillin and a type called cephalosporins.
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